According to a recent analysis by the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), the world is on the verge of a significant shift from a digital economy to a quantum economy.
Quantum computing is quickly becoming a reality with major implications for cybersecurity and digital infrastructure, according to data collected by India’s national cyber agency in collaboration with the global cybersecurity firm SISA.
The report, titled “Transitioning to Quantum Cyber Readiness,” notes that quantum computers—which operate on the basis of quantum mechanics—are now making their way from research labs to practical applications. Numerous multinational tech firms have already achieved notable advancements.
With 105 qubits, Google’s Willow chip, which was introduced in December 2024, made significant progress in mistake correction.
In February 2025, Microsoft unveiled the Majorana-1 processor, which is intended to grow to a million qubits. By 2029, IBM wants to construct fault-tolerant quantum systems, and Quantinuum has achieved unprecedented accuracy in building a 56-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer.
According to the article, Nokia is also making progress in the field of quantum networking. As evidence of how seriously the world community is taking this change, the United Nations has designated 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. From semiconductors to system software, the ecosystem surrounding quantum computing is expanding quickly.
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According to the paper, there are significant cybersecurity dangers associated with quantum computing, despite its immense promise. Because quantum computers can solve complicated problems far more quickly than modern computers, they can also crack encryption. It would be simple to break encryption techniques like RSA, which are frequently used to protect digital signatures, messaging apps, blockchain systems, and financial transactions.
Massive data breaches could result from this, endangering the foundation of the digital economy. “Harvest now, decrypt later” attacks are a particularly significant threat, according to the paper.
In these situations, fraudsters gather encrypted material now and bide their time until it can be decrypted by quantum computers. These flaws seriously jeopardize cryptocurrency, secure communications, medical records, and financial data.
The paper states that many organizations still lack clear visibility into their present cryptography systems, which is another difficulty. These blind spots could have severe consequences in a future where post-quantum cryptography is required.